A total score of 100 is considered average with a standard deviation (SD) of 15. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of ... rbans scoring manual muscle. Repeatable Battery for the ... Frontiers Rbans Additionally, the scoring software and self-rating sheets provided by Dr. Kyrstle Barrera, as well as all her Rbans Score Interpretation | bookstorrent.my.id Hearing-impaired individuals (RBANS-H), is an audio-visual cognitive assessment tool which provides a … The comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation included tests of executive function. Let’s go through an example of when the RBANS might be used. Results suggested that the RBANS Total score and all indexes were related to Functional Independence Measures cognitive ratings at 12-month follow up assessment. RESULTS. Patients were referred for clinical neuropsychological evaluations to two urban area, academically affiliated neuropsychology practices. Prior to the examination of the factor structure of the 12 subtests of the RBANS, we examined the descriptive statistics for performance on the five Index Scores and the Total Scale Score. with these change scores to assess group differences in change from pre- to post-treatment testing. Total scores range from 0 to 85, with higher scores indicating worse impairment. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to compare the primary cognitive and functional measures: RBANS total scale index score change and FIM score change. 2.5.3. Cognitive screening tests A difference of 13.5 points or more between Form A and B would be considered significant at the .05 level. HIV-RNA viral load is expressed as copies/mL. Research has supported the clinical application of the RBANS as a neuropsychological tool within people with ABI [42, 43]. Consisting of 10 subtests, the RBANS provides a Total Score as well as index scores for immediate and delayed memory, attention, language, and visuospatial skills. (RBANS) total score. RBANS performance minimally correlated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings but was strongly related to employment outcome. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS‐IV) is a comprehensive clinical instrument for assessing the intellectual abilities of older adolescents and adults. The effect of cognitive training on the brain’s local ... Load here. OVERALL COMPOSITE SCORE O NTHE RBANS on or ... Composite cognitive and functional measures for early ... RBANS index scores and the total scale score decreased across all indexes as the CDR classification indicated increasing levels of cognitive impairment (Table 2). Rbans Score Interpretation Psychological Assessment, in press - University of Aberdeen The RBANS index scores are converted to classifications including Very Superior, Superior, High Average, Average, Low Average, Borderline and Extremely Low. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS; Randolph, 1998): The RBANS is a widely used neuropsychological measure originally developed to assess dementia. * subtest means and SDs for the normal standardization sample, * … ... Scores/Interpretation: Index standard scores, sub-test standard scores, total score. The population age-adjusted mean and standard deviation for the RBANS global cognition score and for The sum of Index Scores is the sum of the 5 index scores, and the Sum of Index Scores is converted to an RBANS Total Scale Index Score via a mapping table. How do I correct the score for education? Individual subtest scores are reported as … These analyses were run twice, first using the RBANS Total Score and then using a computed score eliminating the RBANS indices that included scores used to calculate the RBANS EI. Gordon et al. The details of its download, interpretation and administration can be viewed as webcasts at www.chronicliverdisease.org. Second, if patients with preclinical or early AD were included in the OKLAHOMA sample, this would serve to pull down the non-AD comparison RBANS scores, which would decrease the … Syndromes (RBANS) was also designed and co-normed as a single test. A, Change in RBANS total score from within 7 days of ICU discharge to 6 months (n = 67). This total score can be corrected on the basis of age and educational level [4,5]. For the purpose of this study, we examined RBANS total scores. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between change in RBANS total scores and change in FIM total scores (Spearman ρ = 0.25, P = .02). The MCI group was most impaired on the Delayed Memory Index (DMI). RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Similar to the MMSE, the MoCA screens a variety of language and cognitive processes (i.e., visuospatial, executive functions, language, attention/concentration/working memory, memory recall, and orientation) with decontextualized tasks. Deviation Score: Version 1.0-3.65 45.00 0.00 13.50 0.01-3.60 46.00 0.00 14.00 0.02-3.55 47.00 0.00 14.50 0.02 Where the RBANS Total Score has traditionally been the focus of diagnosis, the lack of support for such a global summary places greater emphasis on understanding the significance of differences in the RBANS factors similar to the use of critical values in interpretation of the Wechsler indices. No training effects were observed in RBANS total score (F(2,43) = 1.96, p = 0.15) and visual reasoning test (F(2,43) = 2.68, p = 0.11), although the statistics hinted a … A total score is created by summing the five index scores. Receiver operating characteristic analyses reflected good discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.88 for the Total Scale score and 0.90 for the DMI score. Results: RBANS Total Scale score for patients with SC was approximately 2 standard deviations below the normal mean, was approximately 1 standard deviation below WRAT-3 Reading scores, and expected patterns of impairment were observed: measures of language and visuospatial ability were preserved relative to those of memory and attention. Scores range from 40 to 160, with higher scores indicating better performance. The RBANS consists of 12 subtests measuring the following domains: Immediate Memory, Visuospatial/Constructional, Language, Attention, and Delayed Memory. Let’s go through an example of when the RBANS might be used. However, if a full RBANS has been administered, there are five Index scores (ignoring the Total Scale Index which is, in essence, the average of the others) and the The total score is between 0-30 and is the sum of all domain partial score. By Claire Thompson. RBANS Coding 20/89 ss = 4 Borderline/Low Trail Making Test Part A 49” T = 53 Average Trail Making Test Part B 115” T = 62 High Average LANGUAGE RBANS Naming 10/10 >75th% High Average RBANS Semantic Fluency 16 words/min ss = 9 Average VISUOSPATIAL RBANS Figure Copy 10/20 ss = 2 Extremely Low The use of other cutoffs did not alter the statistical relationship between HSV-1 reactivity and the RBANS total score or the immediate memory score . 5a and b, respectively, by the treatment and diagnostic groups. the total scale score was .84.The authors concluded that retest measurement error for the RBANS was comparable to that of WAIS-3/WMS-3, suggesting that the brevity of the RBANS in comparison to these much longer tests does not result in … The RBANS is a brief (30-min), test that is used commonly for the assessment of cognitive abilities in persons who are normal and at risk, or who have mild disability. d-ROMs test . In index level, the improvements were observed in the Baseline comparisons between diagnostic groups were conducted using one-way ANOVAs for … The RBANS has a mean score of 100 with a SD of 15. Rbans Score Interpretation | bookstorrent.my.id Hearing-impaired individuals (RBANS-H), is an audio-visual cognitive assessment tool which provides a total score of cognition and five index scores. We also found that the levels of antibodies to HSV-1, measured as the continuous variable of antibody ratio, were inversely correlated with the RBANS total score (r = −0.28; P<.001). The RBANS demonstrated high correlations with full-scale IQ and memory measures. RBANS total score was significantly increased by Cognigrape with respect to baseline levels and placebo (r = 0.55, 0.95% CI 0.48, 6.07; p < 0.001) (Table 3). 17 The Index and Total scores are age-corrected standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15) and were calculated from the RBANS manual norms. The d-ROMs test permits the measurement in the The RBANS total score and subscores (particularly attention) were lower compared to another clinical study of patients with MCI due to probable sporadic AD. A difference of 13.5 points or more between Form A and B would be considered significant at the .05 level. Finally, a total of 6 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria [29,30,31,32,33,34].The 6 studies included a total of 992 individuals with schizophrenia, of who 426 also had MetS and 566 did not have MetS, and the … (RBANS) total score. Relative to the normative sample, participants in this sample were impaired ( Table 1 ). Publication Date: 2012. The RBANS demonstrated high correlations with full-scale IQ and memory measures. Figure 1 shows a total of 1267 potentially relevant articles identified from the above databases. Global score Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS, Randolph, 1998) - Total Score Standardised Assessment of Concussion (SAC, McCrea et al., 1997; McCrea et al., 2000) - Total Score Sideline Mental Status Examination (Lovell et al., 2004) - … Index scores are expressed as an age-adjusted standard score with a normal mean of and an SD of The sum of Index Scores is the sum of the 5 index scores, and the Sum of Index Scores is converted to an RBANS Total Scale Index Score via a mapping table. The total raw score for Digit Span is now based on Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Digit Span Sequencing. RBANS Indexes are age- and education-corrected standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15), and subtests are age- and education-corrected scaled scores (M=10, SD=3). MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Specifically, HH was associated with 14% higher attention score (p=0.014), and LH was associated with 12% and 8% higher immediate and delayed memory scores, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.004). Levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and ALT were determined using standard enzymatic methods. Add to cart. Hearing-impaired individuals (RBANS-H), is an audio-visual cognitive assessment tool which provides a total score of cognition and five index scores. Publication Date: 2012. A total score is created by summing the five index scores. After 12 months of cochlear implantation usage, the RBANS-H total scores improved significantly (p<0.001). Administration of the RBANS takes ∼20–40 min. WIAT-III A&NZ Essay Composition Quick Score (563687) WIAT-III Sentence Composition Quick Score (256705) WIAT-III A&NZ with WISC-V A&NZ Sample Score Report (583513) WIAT-III A&NZ Sample Parent Report (583096) WIAT-III A&NZ Skills Analysis Sample Score Report (595621) WIAT-III A&NZ Year Level Sample Score Report (608712) WIAT-III A&NZ FAQs (175615) B, Change in RBANS total score from 6- to 12-month follow-up (n = 39). Scores/Interpretation: Index standard scores, sub-test standard scores, total score. d-ROMs test . Figure tests. Although the MoCA is sensitive to mild impairments, screening tools Thus, the reported changes in neuropsychological test scores result in a measurable improvement in activities of daily living related to these changes. Supplemental and original scoring templates for the CVLT-II, COWAT, and RBANS, as well as Premorbid IQ estimates and more. 7/23/2013 6 Clarification of Scoring Criteria for RBANS Test-Retest Reliability, Convergent Validity and Practice Effects of the RBANS in a Memory Clinic Setting: A Pilot Study. RBANS: scoring and interpretation Overview ... 20 points total – same components in alternate form figure – scoring criteria on opposing face page for ease of use ... the score is based only on the exactness of his or her copy. For example, 4.6% of the sample had a increase in their Total scaled score on the second testing between 16 and 20 points (inclusive). 7/23/2013 6 Clarification of Scoring Criteria for RBANS The RBANS Effort Index: Base Rates in Geriatric Samples. Interpretation of the RBANS in Inpatient Psychiatry: Clinical Normative Data and Prevalence of Low Scores for Patients with Schizophrenia It tests 5 different cognitive domains, with the test interpretation based on specific domain alterations and a total score. By Claire Thompson. In an adjusted analysis, these included attention (P =.002), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurophysiological Status (RBANS) for processing speed total score (P =.006), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scaled score (P=.022). Results Among older but not younger adults, RBANS scores were 8% and 5% higher in high HH and LH groups compared with low HH and LH groups, respectively (p=0.012 and p=0.016). Some studies have used the RBANS to specifically examine the effect on cognition from substance use disorders (e.g. In that study, 31% of the sample was identified as having questionable effort using the recommended EI cutoffs (Silverberg, Wertheimer, & Fichtenberg, 2007). Index scores are expressed as an age-adjusted standard score with a normal mean of and an SD of The sum of Index Scores is the sum of the 5 index scores, and the Sum of Index Scores is converted to an RBANS Total Scale Index Score via a mapping table. A total of 12 subtests are subsumed under 5 index scores RBANS Manual - Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. RBANS Update provides significant improvements and is ideal for measuring change over time. It can serve as a neuropsychological “screen battery” when lengthier standardization assessments are either impractical or inappropriate. Downward age extended to 12:0 years. Subtest scores now available in addition to index scores. Comparison of multiple applications of the individual-standard for deficit inference in a case study with By James Mold. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 32(6), 667-765. Any score of 25 or less is considered to be an indication of some form of cognitive impairment, which can predict or identify the onset of dementia in patients. RBANS has well-characterized normative values, based on a group of more than 600 normal subjects of varying ages. Index scores are expressed as an age-adjusted standard score with a normal mean of 100 and an SD of 15. Scores can range from 40 to 160. The total score demonstrated good reliability. 21/05/2018 8 Clinical Validity and … maximum total score is 30 points. The latter general linear model analyses considered, in various combinations, age, sex, years of education, APOE ε4 carrier status, RBANS total score (global cognition), and the CSF t-tau/Aβ 1-42 ratio (sometimes substituted as specified below by … The RBANS index scores are converted to classifications including Very Superior, Superior, High Average, Average, Low Average, Borderline and Extremely Low. Estimating the … The Average Total Scale Change Score was Less Than 1 Point Table 2 indicates the percentage of the combined sample that obtained a change score within each interval. Offering valuable enhancements, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Update ® (RBANS ® Update) is a brief, individually administered battery to measure cognitive decline or improvement. The MMSE and ADAS-Cog13 were analyzed using total scores, the CDR was analyzed using the Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and the RBANS was analyzed using Total Index scores. The ES had a specificity of 0.96 when the RBANS Total Score was severely impaired. It includes detailed psychometric information, four RBANS (their mean total score was 71.4). Rbans Scoring Manual William’s RBANS Total Score dropped 18 points in the 18 months between testing on Form A and Form B. Results: Participants in the alcohol group performed below the healthy control group on the visuospatial and immediate memory index, and also on the RBANS total score p < 0.001 and showed a greater decline in RBANS scores from … Serum total oxidant capacity was determined by performing the d-ROMs test [19]. RBANS: scoring and interpretation Overview ... 20 points total – same components in alternate form figure – scoring criteria on opposing face page for ease of use ... the score is based only on the exactness of his or her copy. However, the RBANS language score was associated with: education (beta = 0.50, t = 3.70, p<0.001); PANSS general symptom score (beta = 0.33, t = 2.41, p<0.05); and cholesterol (beta = −0.30, t = −2.23, p<0.05). A difference of 13.5 points or more between Form A and B would be considered significant at the.05 level. RBANS Index and subtest scores (from the screening visit) are presented in Table 2. Green et al 2010). The interpretation of this score is a matter of debate in the scientific literature: different cut-off scores are frequently reported to discriminate ... et al. A Total Scale Index is also provided. Literature Search and Study Characteristics. RBANS Index and subtest scores (from the screening visit) are presented in Table 2. RBANS Total Scale scores in both groups were normally distributed, demonstrating no floor/ceiling effects. Offering valuable enhancements, the RBANS Update provides a brief, individually administered battery to measure cognitive decline or improvement across these domains: ... and delayed memory. William’s RBANS Total Score dropped 18 points in the 18 months between testing on Form A and Form B. RBANS Total Scale Index Score is a norm-based t-score, based on a distribution with a. The patients’ index scores suggested that they had relatively less impairment of language and visual functions than of memory and atten-tion. CONCLUSIONS: The RBANS appears to be a useful cognitive screening instrument in … This total score can be corrected on the basis of age and educational level [ 4 , 5 ]. In support of this interpretation, similar effect sizes to the present study were reported in the SMILES trial using the self-report scale (Cohen’s d = 0.632 for HADS depression subscale). If the subject has 12 years of education or fewer, a point is added to his/her total score. of RBANS performance, accounting for up to 15% of the total variance in test scores (Gontkovsky, Mold et al., 2002; Lineweaver, Zone, Chelune, Hermann,&Dow,2001).Consequently,theaddition of adjustments for years of education has been re-commended for more accurate interpretation of RBANS test results (Beatty et al., 2003). Note that this number of years does not refer to a particular education level, for example, it does not refer to individuals that … Subtest means and SDs for the normal standardization sample, comments on general issues in interpreting performance on the RBANS, additional information on test-retest interpretation, further information on " cortical–subcortical deviation " scores, and updated clinical validity information are provided. This new app has cut-offs that are age-specific but need to be validated in other populations. The total possible score is 30, with any score higher than 25 considered normal. The RBANS contains 12 subtests which provide five index scores: Immediate memory, Visuospatial/constructional, Language, Attention, and Delayed memory. Combining these index scores provides an overall performance score. All scores are converted to age-adjusted norm scores which have a mean of 100 and SD of 15. The median change in RBANS total score among LGI1-IgG seropositive patients showed a trend toward improvement for the IVIG group compared to placebo (3 [0 to 13] vs −1 [−12 to 6], p = 0.077, 95% CI = 0.84–∞; Table 3). Statistical methods. Of RBANS performance, accounting for up to 15 of the total variance in test scores (Gontkovsky, Mold et al., Lineweaver, Zone, Chelune, Hermann,&Dow,).Consequently,theaddition of adjustments for years of education has been re-commended for more accurate interpretation of RBANS test results (Beatty et al., ). A study of the RBANS equivalence of video-teleconference administration compared with face-to-face administration in 18 examinees with and without impairment produced high correlations between scores across the two administration and no statistical differences were observed between RBANS scores (Galusha-Glasscock et al., 2016). Outcome Measure Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV (WAIS-IV) Sensitivity to Change Yes Population Adult Domain Neuropsychological Impairment Type of Measure Objective test ICF-Code/s b1 Description The current version of the test, the WAIS-IV, which was released in 2008, is composed of 10 core subtests and five supplemental subtests, with the Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency Relative to the normative sample, participants in this sample were impaired ( Table 1 ). Completion Time: 30 minutes. A 23 year-old male university student currently studying to be an accountant, was involved in a head on motor vehicle collision. It takes 30 minutes to administer. In our study, the results of both batteries can be viewed as complementary. He could not … (2017). Use of a discrepancy score for the RBANS Total Scale score and premorbid ability in the screening and diagnosis of dementia. Serum total oxidant capacity was determined by performing the d-ROMs test [19]. RBANS Subtest Scoring Assistant Impaired Cortical - Subcortical Deviation Score Visuospatial Attention Delayed Memory Index Scores: Langauge Cut point of 0: Classify all patients with a score above 0 as “cortical” and all patient’s below 0 as subcortical. The total score is between 0-30 and is the sum of all domain partial score. The EncephalApp_Stroop (available on iTunes for free download) is easy to administer, simple to score and interpret. RBANS Total Scale Index Score is a norm-based t-score, based on a distribution with a. Following the ketamine-midazolam procedure there was a significant improvement in pain thresholds. Level A. By comparison, 31% of medically ill older adults (RBANS Total Score: M = 68.30; SD = 13.82; n = 44) (Hook et al., ... Wertheimer and Fichtenberg 2007), it is plausible that it can be used to enhance the interpretation of scores on some of the RBANS subtests. normative population is expected to obtain a score that is lower (for example, in the case of RBANS Index scores, scores of 75 or lower are below the 5th percentile). Figure 2 A-B, RBANS total score over time. First, the mean scores on the RBANS for the comparison group were clearly in the average range (e.g., RBANS Total = 48th percentile) and not suggestive of cognitive impairments. and interpretation phase was also instrumental and greatly appreciated. Primary statistical analyses were performed with R (v.3.3.2) . This total score can be corrected on the basis of age and educational level [ 4 , 5 ]. Test-Retest Reliability, Convergent Validity and Practice Effects of the RBANS in a Memory Clinic Setting: A Pilot Study. Prior to the examination of the factor structure of the 12 subtests of the RBANS, we examined the descriptive statistics for performance on the five Index Scores and the Total Scale Score. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Update (RBANS® Update) Rbans Scoring Manual - redditlater.com The current study examined the standard scoring The RBANS Effort Index: Base Rates in Geriatric Samples. The battery yields five Index Scores and a Total Scale score, each ranging from 40–160 points (participants in the present study ranging from 79–139). Table 2 reports correlations among the ARCS domain and total scores, together with associations with the RBANS index scores. File Name: Rbans Score Interpretation.pdf Size: 5609 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Category: Book Uploaded: 2020 Nov 22, 02:09 Rating: 4.6/5 from 719 votes. The total score demonstrated good reliability. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was developed for the dual purposes of identifying and characterizing abnormal cognitive decline in the older adult and as a neuropsychological screening battery for younger patients. Guidance on using this test in your telepractice. William’s RBANS Total Score dropped 18 points in the 18 months between testing on Form A and Form B. A total score of 100 is considered average with a standard deviation (SD) of 15. ... Design and coordination of the study, interpretation of results and writing. The mean RBANS Total Scale score for the mTBI group was 71.92 (SD ¼ 17.24), and the mean RBANS Total Scaled score for the amnestic sample was 64.58 (SD ¼ 12.89). RBANS Cluster Profiles in a Geriatric Community-Dwelling Sample. Receiver operating characteristic analyses reflected good discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.88 for the Total Scale score and 0.90 for the DMI score. Levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and ALT were determined using standard enzymatic methods. The total index score, which is calculated based on a weighted average of the individual subtests, was used as the outcome variable from this test. FB and AB: … Mean MMSE and RBANS total scores from baseline in ALZ2002 to the end of the double-blind period in ALZ2004 are presented in Fig. (fig. reported that RBANS scores (total score and subtest scores) predicted Motor and Cognitive FIM scores in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for a variety of diagnoses . The total score is between 0-30 and is the sum of all domain partial score. There is also a total score. 3) There was no decline in cognitive function one month following the high dose ketamine procedure based on the RBANS total score for the patient and she remained free of allodynia three months after the ketamine procedure. RBANS performance minimally correlated The entire battery takes less than 30 minutes to administer, and yields scaled scores for five cognitive … It includes comprehensive normative data from a large sample, allowing for valid and reliable documentation of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. Index scores as well as total scores were calculated; scores range from 62 to 138 with higher scores reflecting better performance. Scores/Interpretation: Index standard scores, sub-test standard scores, total score. RBANS Total Scale score for patients with SC was approximately 2 standard deviations below the normal mean, was approximately 1 standard deviation below WRAT-3 Reading scores, and expected patterns of impairment were observed: measures of language and visuospatial ability were preserved relative to those of memory and attention. The d-ROMs test permits the measurement in the Larson, Kirschner, Bode, Heinemann, and Goodman (2005) examined the predictive validity of the RBANS for clinical outcomes in stroke patients. Results suggested that the RBANS Total score and all indexes were related to Functional Independence Measures cognitive ratings at 12-month follow up assessment. The aim of the present article is to provide supplementary quantitative methods to assist in the interpretation of RBANS Index scores. RBANS Update Coding Score Template B (Print) 0158007298 Qualification Level B. Qty. Qualification Level . Despite using age and WRAT-3 as covariates, there were significant differences between the groups on the RBANS Total Scale score—F(1,137) = 24.88, p < .001, partial η 2 = 0.15—with the cognitively intact elders performing significantly better than their MCI peers. The EI demonstrated a specificity of 0.75 when the RBANS Total Score was average or mildly impaired. Indeed, elevated levels of “suspect” effort, based on RBANS EI scores, were observed in a small sample of medically ill geriatric patients (Hook, Marquine, & Hoelzle, 2009). Digit Span Forward must be administered, as pilot study data indicated the omission of this task results in lower Digit Span Backward scores for some examinees (possibly due to the loss of instructional progression). In the RBANS, the “total scale” composite index score is derived from five domain scores, each contributing equally to the total score (immediate memory, delayed memory, language, attention, visual spa-tial/construction). A 23 year-old male university student currently studying to be an accountant, was involved in a head on motor vehicle collision. Larson and colleagues used the RBANS in the assessment of stroke patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation [ 22 , 23 ]. Specificity and classification rates were calculated for the EI and ES based on severity rankings on the RBANS Total Score (Table 7). The MCI group was most impaired on the Delayed Memory Index (DMI). By James Mold. RBANS Total Scale scores in both groups were normally distributed, demonstrating no floor/ceiling effects. A Total Score can be derived from the index scores. RBANS Cluster Profiles in a Geriatric Community-Dwelling Sample. LrNTkq, aXBBh, bXigA, tLqr, GNSOaG, vgsL, PQm, HKTX, XTxF, VBB, NdIaRYr,
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