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How effective were early matchlock weapons against armored ... Ultimately this would lead to Nazi Germany developing in the late 1930's an even more sophisticated Railway guns. The Nazis' Schwerer Gustav Railway Gun, The Biggest Gun ... German Antiaircraft Defenses - Warfare History Network Newer variants have a Picatinny-type scope rail and accept optics. Railway guns were large guns and howitzers mounted on and fired from specially constructed railway cars. Caliber (mm) Weapon name. The tank was the Centurion, which went on to become one of the most successful of all post-war British . The Japanese learned to attack early model B-17s, which lacked tail guns, from the rear; when the first B-17Es - equipped with tail guns - arrived on the scene they gave Japanese fighter pilots a very nasty and . Three parallel tracks were then laid where the Schwerer Gustav was to be assembled. NS.3269 Bottom: Requisitioned CPR ships in their At the beginning of World War II, the U.S. Army's primary field artillery pieces were the French-designed M1897 75mm gun and M1918 155mm howitzer (above). Railroad guns had a shorter life span than other practical military technologies spawned during the American Civil War, such as submarines, repeating rifles, and machine guns. On Oct. 3, 2000, a woman was raped near the East River Flats Park. The Germans also mounted the guns on the Siebel Ferry, a shallow draught, twinhulled craft. At the Battle of Trafalgar, Victory carried 104 guns of different calibres. Giant howitzer on a rail mount. Big guns are effective anti-aircraft weapons, but with a big explosive charge and a proximity fuze, which railguns cannot fire. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Infantry weapons underwent a massive change in the late 19th century, as repeating rifles entered widespread use. Lesser works were often placed in rotating turrets, and could be part of armored trains. The projectile normally does not contain explosives, instead relying on the projectile's high speed, mass, and kinetic energy to inflict damage. Man posing next to a powder sack used in 16in. This monster had a range of 75 miles but little accuracy. Armored cars were rail-borne pillboxes — ironclad carriages fitted with naval cannon, mountain guns, repeater rifles and loop-holes for sharpshooters. Library of Congress By the end of World War I, railroads were regarded as the preeminent method for fielding super-heavy artillery. A 12 inch railway gun is at the Naval Surface . Salamanca was the first commercially successful steam locomotive, built in 1812. The infamous Paris Gun. They traveled faster and farther, and carried almost fifty times more freight than steamships could. During development there were issues with its cooling unit, and liquid nitrogen was eventually used to decrease the reload time. Their APC projectiles had the same burster . Throughout the years the US M240 machine guns have been improved and upgraded by installing various upgrade kits. The thing to remember, is that the B-17 and it's armament of machine guns (predominantly M2 Browning .50 MGs and occasionally M1917 Browning MGs) weren't so much a deterrent or counter towards enemy fighters as much as the formation they were flying in was. They were all good guns, but by the end of the war even the 20mm had a lead computing sight. 400-500 rounds per minute of which that was all that was needed . In May 1945, as the war in Europe drew to a close, six prototypes of a brand new British tank were hurried to the front in the hope that they could be tested in action. The Second World War saw the final use of railway guns. When it was first employed, Parisians believed they had been bombed by a high-altitude Zeppelin, as neither the sound of an airplane nor a gun could be heard. Bigger WWII bombers like e.g. The gun had an overall length of 112 feet (34 meters) and weighed 138 tons. . Five gunners in pressurised compartments (one nose, one tail, three in a section behind the bomb bay) were each equipped with a remote sighting device. The railway rifle fires railway spikes as projectiles in the same manner as an air rifle. Britain's Struggle To Build Effective Tanks. Small arms: pistols were one of the most prolific production weapons of WWII and rifles, then more accurate, standard for all infantry soldiers as most countries needed to arm their drafted armies rapidly with trusted, simple and effective weapons; grenades still widely used by all parties. These floating gun platform-ferry combinations proved quite effective and were used in the successful evacuation of two German divisions and all their equipment from Sicily. Surviving railway guns. Guns with high velocity and flat trajectories-----coastal, fixed defense or on tracks as shown below. A month later on the 18 May 1986, Duffy and Mulcahy were to carry out their last frenzied attack near another railway station at Brookmans Park in Hertfordshire. Bigger WWII bombers like e.g. The Germans used the massive 80 cm (31 in) Schwerer Gustav gun, the largest artillery piece to be used in battle. When the Armistice was signed this undertaking was abandoned. Large field guns were also used. This type of machine gun had the firepower of a hundred other guns. In February, House Democrats passed legislation that would require all gun buyers go through a background check, regardless of whether they buy a weapon from a licensed dealer, collector at a gun show, or stranger in a parking lot. Pinterest/War History Online The Schwerer Gustav and its sister gun Dora were the two largest artillery pieces every constructed in terms of overall weight (1350 tonnes) and . Top: CPR troop train near Golden, B.C. It had a useful range of 153,000 ft (30 miles). The shells alone, which had been designed with pure destruction in mind, were taller than two men, twice as wide as one, and weighed 20,000 pounds each. Germans like big guns. 80 cm Gustav Railway Gun. Invented in 1861 by Richard Gatling. Armored cars were rail-borne pillboxes — ironclad carriages fitted with naval cannon, mountain guns, repeater rifles and loop-holes for sharpshooters. The only guns to exceed the Gustav in caliber are the British Mallet's Mortar (36 inches/944mm) and the Fench . Even though the U.S. was the first to use railway guns during the American Civil War, Germany was the first to use them in . A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon.Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II.Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train. The Gustav is also notable for firing the heaviest shell of any artillery piece. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Poll after poll shows they win near-universal approval. The British used railway guns for coastal defense, but those guns were left overs from WW1 battleships. Field pieces were mounted on two-wheeled carriages with solid trails, while fortress artillery was mounted either on the "garrison standing carriage," a boxlike structure on four small wheels, or on the platform-and-slide mounting previously described.. Coast guns. ^ 2.1 2.2 There were as many as five different vendors for these munitions - Hadfield, Vickers, Firth's, E.O.C. The frags were pretty useless so I wanted to see how effective Rail Guns wou. In some cases, full railway batteries were positioned in the railroad yards. From the end of 1941 to June 1945, American railroads carried nearly 44 million servicemen and women, and in the war's final years the United States averaged 2,500 troop . the B-17 Flying Fortress were equipped with lots of machine guns for self-defense against single-seat fighter aircraft.. Wikipedia says: Defensive armament increased from four 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns and one 0.30 in (7.62 mm) nose machine gun in the B-17C, to thirteen 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns in the B-17G. Railway guns were placed on a special railway platform enabling it to fire. to the casualty rate of regular rifles. The machine had the capability to fire. 9. US shipboard anti-aircraft artillery in WWII was pretty effective. The mobilization. The gun was broken down and transported on 25 freight cars, which did not include crew or supplies. It was the largest piece of artillery used during the war by barrel . The new weapon was a gun about 12 meters high, 47 meters long, weighing 1,350 tonnes and was firing 10 tonnes shells through a 30 meters long pipe. They gained the name " monitors " after . The Germans used the massive 80 cm (31 in) Schwerer Gustav gun, the largest artillery piece to be used in battle. Like battleships, they were big, expensive, and easily destroyed from the air.. The Maxim machine gun can be labelled as. The railway rifle fires railway spikes as projectiles in the same manner as an air rifle. The best large automatic cannon was the 40mm Bofors. For the gun to move around, the body was built on two parallel sets of rail wheels, allowing it to travel across special tracks. The impressive weapon became known as the "Great Gustav". (National Archives) This brings us to one important function of early guns: defeating armour. 399 views View upvotes The gigantic 80-cm kanone known as "Gustav" owed its origin to a 1935 Wehrmacht study into what would be needed to penetrate the thickness of concrete, being boasted of in French newspapers, in the newly completed Maginot Line. During WW2 it was a sheer waste of money, time and effort. Anne Lock, a recently married 29-year-old secretary for London Weekend Television was alighting at the station when she was targeted by the killer duo. A model of Dora , Kupp's second Heavy Gustav. Condensing William's own conclusions, here are the relevant stats, from pages 944-945: Muzzle energies for various early firearms :-early 15th c Hussite Handgun - Sepentine* Power - 500-1000 J-16th c Arquebus - Sepentine powder - 1300 j They were effective because they were pretty rubbish.Specifically, they were big, heavy, cumbersome beasts. machine gun's ability to quickly eliminate enemy forces was staggering compared. Two of the tracks supported the gun, and the third track allowed for parts . railway was much more than just a railway. They were relatively easy to use and easy to mass produce (compared to bows) but crossbows would generally have greater accuracy and in some cases better armor penetration (this would depend on a wide variety of factors. The best light automatic cannon was the 20mm Oerlikon. 22 people could sit aligned on the barrel of the gun. Railroads were effective, reliable, and faster modes of transportation, edging out competitors such as the steamship. A 100 gun ship would have 32 pdrs on the gun deck, 24 pdrs on the middle deck and 12 pdrs on the upper deck. The railway rifle is a weapon in Fallout 4. A model that is a product of Tinker Tom's engineering, the railway rifle shoots railway spikes at lethal velocities. The rise of the aeroplane effectively ended the use of the railway guns. Guns Effective Defense Against Rape This is the first column in a two-part series discussing how guns can protect women during rape attempts. the B-17 Flying Fortress were equipped with lots of machine guns for self-defense against single-seat fighter aircraft.. Wikipedia says: Defensive armament increased from four 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns and one 0.30 in (7.62 mm) nose machine gun in the B-17C, to thirteen 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns in the B-17G. Yet from 1862 to 1945, they earned a reputation as a bunker buster without equal and terrorized civilians by firing on cities from afar, without warning. They had a longer range, but needed a dozen men to operate them. The Second World War saw the final use of railway guns. Even in the immediate years after World War I, armored trains carried raiding parties which . The rail gun, or more simply, railgun, utilizes a magnetic field powered by electricity to accelerate a projectile. 1. They gained the name " monitors " after . These are rarely . Guns are a part of U.S. culture. Once again, U.S. railroads were leading America and its allies to victory by developing and deploying new transportation technology. When Railroad Guns Ruled Among the first heavy guns to have an impact during the American Civil War, the 13-inch mortar, Dictator, was mounted on eight rail wheels, but the flatcar collapsed from its recoil. both effective and ineffective for a variety of reasons. 1916. Krupp AG, a leading German steelworks and armaments manufacturer, were approached with a . That number, however, would explosively grow to become 100,000 guns in a very short time. About 7,600-7,800 enemy aircraft came within AA range of US ships during WWII. However, public opinion polls show that 85% of gun owners and non-gun owners support gun control laws like background checks. Aside from the railway gun, these other big guns were fixed as though set in concrete----as many were. During my first encounter against Thargoid scouts I used AX MC and Frag cannons. Schwerer Gustav (English: Heavy Gustav) was a German 80-centimetre (31.5 in) railway gun. Most of the guns were somewhat useless and ammunition supplies were low. Blenkinsop's rack locomotive Salamanca, Middleton to Leeds (UK) coal tramway, 1812, author unknown, riginally published in The Mechanic's Magazine, 1829. Obviously, any kind of defensive fire is going to be on some level a deterrent against . Country of origin. The World War I infantryman could produce a volume of fire that dwarfed that of his mid-19th-century predecessors. Here is a surviving gunsight, in need of some r. The Wehrmacht also brought eight railway guns and 40 army siege guns into the Calais region. A model that is a product of Tinker Tom's engineering, the railway rifle shoots railway spikes at lethal velocities. However, public opinion polls show that 85% of gun owners and non-gun owners support gun control laws like background checks. Railway mounts for the 10-inch Coast guns were divided between the Schneider and the Batignolles types. Troops & Tanks Delivered by Rail. Nevertheless, these aircraft were very effective in fighting the rear-guard actions that characterized the first six months of the war. The other type of gun common on ships of the Royal Navy were the Carronades. Near where the gun was to be deployed, a spur line was laid from the main rail line. The effective range of a smoothbore musket was easily as great as the ranges over which a bow could be expected to be effective against armour. This seldom happened back in the day and would certainly be less likely now. Railway artillery is most effective only in those rare circumstances where you have an existing railroad situated close to the battlefield and running in the correct position. This gun fired a 50lb bursting projectile at 3100fps (Mach 2.8) up to 57,500 feet. Canadian Pacific Railway Archives. Coastal-defense artillery was the focus of most design . The most effective were the 68-pounder carronades, which were short, smoothbore cannons, and state-of-the-art in the early 19th century. By 1917, the Germans were reporting that the majority of their small arms ammunition, 90% to be exact, were going into the chambers of their machine guns. Only a few dozen guns had been bought between 1919 - 1938. . Here are five reasons for her success: 1. The Heavy Gustav and the K-5s were the last hurrah for the railway gun and the train as a weapon of war. It fired 350 rounds a minute (if it didn't jam) from a bank of ten revolving barrels turned by a crank and gravity-fed from a hopper. World War I. Serbian infantryman near Salonika (now Thessaloníki), Greece, April 1916. It was developed in the late 1930s by Krupp in Rügenwalde as siege artillery for the explicit purpose of destroying the main forts of the French Maginot Line, the strongest fortifications in existence at the time. The Heavy Gustav and the K-5s were the last hurrah for the railway gun and the train as a weapon of war. A 12 inch railway gun is at the Naval Surface . (567 kg) AP shell of 8/16crh which achieved a much greater range. The guns also had to be positioned on a flat service. veins in the northeast, and supplied much of the iron used to create the country's rail lines in the 1850s. Railway Bulls, a term for railroad police popularized by hobos and bindle stiffs riding the rails during the Great Depression, have . Two guns of this type were ordered, the second one being named Dora. The gun itself would weight over 1,300 tons and would have to be moved on sets of railways tracks. Of these, 2,773 were shot down by AA, and another 314 were lost through crashes (suicide crashes) on US ships. There were also swivel guns, mounted at various places around the ship and in the tops. These early guns were relatively large and generally could not be fired from the shoulder. On the eve of Winter War, in autumn 1939, virtually all the guns of the Finnish field artillery were war-booty guns from the war of independence. That's a German machine gun. Darkone photo via Wikimedia During The Second World War. This was a sobering thought. These 800mm high-explosive shells were taller than two full-grown men and had a maximum range of 29 miles. and Cammell Laird - each producing a slightly different projectile from the others. During development there were issues with its cooling unit, and liquid nitrogen was eventually used to decrease the reload time. These . The Americans had always doubted the value of railway guns. By the time U.S. ground forces entered combat in 1942, both of these pieces were being replaced by modern and much more effective guns. range, ammunition used, and so forth.) The weight of the mount and gun - 200 tons. The Gustav Gun, (properly known as the Schwerer Gustav gun), was a siege gun developed in preparation for World War 2 and is the largest caliber rifled weapon to see combat in the history of artillery. Like battleships, they were big, expensive, and easily destroyed from the air.. At its core, the K5 railway gun held an effective range out to 40 miles and was extremely accurate due to the rifled barrel (as opposed to smoothbore, which does not spin the projectile in the barrel prior to exiting). In 1850 carriages were broadly of two types. The range of the guns was far beyond . From hunting rifles to gun collections, many Americans own guns. An 8-inch gun of longer-range than the Coast Defense guns was subsequently designed with the railway mounts and an order placed for 25 for use abroad in 1920. The railway rifle is a weapon in Fallout 4. The most effective British coastal guns, however, were four Mark IX 9.2-inch guns deployed to the . Firstly, the Maxim. The gun had a blistering muzzle velocity of nearly 2,700 feet per second. A guy sitting in a ball with a 360* horizontal view and a 180* vertical view, with a pair of .50s suppresses the enemy very well. Mobile guns were mounted on railway cars, allowing positions to be altered at short notice. 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