who were junkers in prussia class 10

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Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France led to Prussian victory and German unification. PDF | On Jan 1, 2007, Edgar Melton published The Prussian Junkers 1600-1806 | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Can you explain this answer? Choose from 167 different sets of austro +prussian+war flashcards on Quizlet. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights. Martin Luther's disguise as "Junker Jörg" at the Wartburg; he would later mock King Henry VIII of England as "Juncker Heintz"[5]). (a) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal. In exchange, the Junkers were supposed to give blind loyalty and fealty to the King of Prussia. Their influence achieved the imposition of high tariffs that reduced competition from American grain and meat. the Prussian provinces of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, West Prussia, East Prussia and Posen). Describe the condition of the Prussian “middle class” 9. Who were the junkers and from what source did they derive their power? In the 1800s, nationalist feelings were strong in the hearts of the middle-class Germans. Junkers were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia. Other families, however, have quietly purchased or leased back their ancestral homes from the current owners[16] (often the German federal government in its role as trustee). They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights. Landowners like Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and the members of the Kreisau Circle were part of the resistance to Nazi Germany rule. The Junkers were members of the landed nobility in Prussia. Dutch nobility; Junkers. The black and white national colours were already used by the Teutonic Knights and by the Hohenzollern dynasty. On 18 January 1701, Frederick III of Brandenburg got crowned as the King in Prussia in Königsberg and became Frederick I of Prussia. This was in contrast to the predominantly Catholic southern states such as the kingdoms of Bavaria or the Grand Duchy of Baden, where land was owned by small farms, or the mixed agriculture of the western states like the Grand Duchy of Hesse or even the Prussian Rhine and Westphalian provinces.[7]. First we find them as rugged frontiersmen, reckless land-grabbers, and restless and un- Chancellor Otto von Bismarck was a noted Junker, though his family hailed from the Altmark region west of the Elbe. They owned land, estates, and had huge interests and investments in … They united in 1848 to create a nation-state out of the numerous German States. Explain the class structure in Prussia. Also asked, who were junkers Class 10? The Junkers" of Prussia were often contrasted with the elites of the western and southern states in Germany, such as the city-republic of Hamburg (which had no nobility) or Catholic states like Bavaria, in which the "Junker class" of Prussia was often viewed with contempt. [2] Bismarck held power in Germany from 1871 to 1890 as Chancellor of the German Empire. As most of these large estates, especially in Brandenburg and Western Pomerania, had belonged to Junkers, the government promoted their plans with the slogan Junkerland in Bauernhand! The Junkers (/ˈjʊŋkər/ YUUNG-kər; German: [ˈjʊŋkɐ]) were members of the landed nobility in Prussia. This conversation is already closed by Expert Was this answer helpful? Junkers. From 1952 these individual farms were pressured by a variety of means to join together as collectives and incorporated into Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaften ("agricultural production comradeships", LPG) or nationalised as Volkseigene Güter ("publicly owned estates", VEG). After the Frankfurt parliament was forced to disband due to the opposition of the Prussian monarchy and military, the responsibility of nation building was taken up by the monarchy and aristocracy under prime minister Otto Von Bismarck. 14. How did relations between the junkers and the crown affect the conditions of the Prussian peasantry? Ques.18: Who were known as Slavs? Answer: b. During the advance of the Red Army in the closing months of the war and subsequently, most Junkers had to flee from the eastern territories that were turned over to the re-established Republic of Poland with the implementation of the Oder–Neisse line according to the Potsdam Agreement. निम्नलिखित कथन कारणसहित स्पष्ट कीजिए : (कोई भी दो)(1) स्त्रियों के जीवन से जुड़े हुए विभिन्न पहलुओं पर विचार करने वाले अनुसंधान कार्य प्रारंभ He was removed from powe… Class-10 » Social Science. Ques.15: Who was crowned as German Emperor in 1871? Both are caricatures. Junkers were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia… As the King of Prussia became the Kaiser under the KleinDeutschland unification, the power of the Junkers grew. Some were executed. The I true Junker is a member of the landed gentry of East Prussia and the Prussian provinces that lie east of the Elbe River: Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, Pomerania, West Prussia, and Silesia. The combination of the black and white colours with the white and red Hanseatic colours of the free cities Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, as well as of Brandenburg, resulted i… Check the below NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe with Answers Pdf free download. Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class Germans, who in 1848 tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament. (iii) Otto von Bismarck, the chief minister of Prussia, was the architect of the German unification. It evolved to a general denotation of a young or lesser noble, often poor and politically insignificant, understood as "country squire" (cf. They have always been there. See also. Jacobins. After World War II, during the communist Bodenreform (land reform) of September 1945 in the Soviet Occupation Zone, later East Germany, all private property exceeding an area of 100 hectares (250 acres) was expropriated, and then predominantly allocated to 'New Farmers' on condition that they continued farming them. (iv) Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France—ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. Choose one . Answer. The Junkers (/ˈjʊŋkər/ YUUNG-kər; German: [ˈjʊŋkɐ]) were members of the landed nobility in Prussia. But the monarchy and the military got together to repress them and they gained support from the landowners of Prussia known as Junkers too. :2. Junkers were able to force people to continue paying more money for their product, while keeping who they wanted in office. The large landowners in Prussia were called Junkers. [13] Through the controlling of politics behind a veil, Junkers were able to influence politicians to create a law that prohibited collecting of debts from agrarians, thus pocketing even more money and strengthening their power.[14]. The King of Prussia could depend on them through thick and thin. was also used for Freiherren (Barons) and Grafen (Counts). The last decisive case was the unsuccessful lawsuit of Prince Ernst August of Hanover in September 2006, when the Federal Administrative Court decided that the prince had no right to compensation for the disseized estates of the House of Hanover around Blankenburg Castle in Saxony-Anhalt. Need of Mass mediaAns.​, books became cheaper and easily available after the invention of ________​. After the Frankfurt parliament was forced to disband due to the opposition of the Prussian monarchy and military, the responsibility of nation building was taken up by the monarchy and aristocracy under prime minister Otto Von Bismarck. Who were called the Junkers? Junkers formed a tightly knit elite. Bismarck held power in Germany from 1871 to 1890 as Chancellor of the German Empire. In western and southern Germany, the land was often owned by small independent farmers or a mixture of small farmers and estate owners, and this system was often contrasted with the dominance of the large estate owners of the east. The most famous Junker was Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Ques.14: Who were the Junkers? The victorious Allies in 1946 abolished Prussia as a state in 1946 and many of the bureaucrats behind this decision saw it as a symbolic act to break Germany's martial traditions. They drew up the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. The most famous Junker was Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. In general they owned only small estates and the work of directing their farms, combined with their meagre in- ("Junker land into farmer's hand!"). The nobility and the landowning classes known as the "Junkers" dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. [6], As landed aristocrats, the Junkers owned most of the arable land in Prussia. Many Junkers lived in the eastern provinces that after World War II were annexed by either Poland or the Soviet Union. After World War I many Prussian agriculturists gathered in the national conservative German National People's Party (DNVP), the term was also applied to Reich President Paul von Hindenburg, lord at Neudeck in West Prussia, and to the "camarilla" around him urging the appointment of Adolf Hitler as German chancellor, personified by men like Hindenburg's son Oskar and his West Prussian "neighbour" Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau, who played a vital role in the Eastern Aid (Osthilfe) scandal of 1932/33. Ans.15: Kaiser William I of Prussia. When the German chancellor Leo von Caprivi in the 1890s reduced the protective duties on imports of grain, these landed magnates demanded and obtained his dismissal; and in 1902, they brought about a restoration of such duties on foodstuffs as would keep the prices of their own products at a high level. …, 5. librite a shart note on the salt marchee shart​, Name all the European powers that entered into Indian Markets during the 17th and 18th century​, any any three main problems of peasant of awadh​, Q.2 (B) Write short notes.1. 3. In some cases, the honorific Jkr. Their representatives met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. These families were mostly part of the German medieval Uradel and had carried on the colonization and Christianization of the northeastern European territories during the Ostsiedlung. Hemadpanti templesAns. In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them; yet, in the end, the Prussian nobility was not destroyed-but enlisted-into the army. MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. who were junkers of prussia Share with your friends. 1 The Junkers belonged to the lesser nobility as distinguished from the great nobles; they were the landed gentry of Prussia's eastern provinces. Mar 07,2021 - Who were the ‘Junkers’?a)Soldiersb)Large landownersc)Aristocracyd)WeaversCorrect answer is option 'B'. They are still there. Read More. They were from rural areas and distrusted workers in the big cities. The abbreviation of the title is Jkr., most often placed before the given name and titles, for example: Jkr. The Teutonic Order wore a white coat embroidered with a black cross with gold insert and black imperial eagle. They sold off less productive land, invested more heavily in new breeds of cattle and pigs, used new fertilizers, increased grain production, and improved productivity per worker. The former owners were accused of war crimes and involvement in the Nazi regime by the Soviet Military Administration, with many of them being arrested, brutally beaten and interned in NKVD special camps (Speziallager), while their property was plundered and the manor houses demolished. Over the centuries, they had become influential commanders and landowners, especially in the lands east of the Elbe River in the Kingdom of Prussia. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. Elle, the measuring unit in Germany was used to measure: (i) Cloth (ii) Paper (iii) Land (iv) Wood 2. "Voter, Junker, Landrat, Priest: The Old Authorities and the New Franchise in Imperial Germany,", Torp, Cornelius. Ques.16: Who was the Chief Minister of Prussia? Ans.17: King Victor Emmanuel II. The Junkers have been a persistent and a domineering force in modern German history. Its main objective was undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Junkers fled or were expelled alongside other German-speaking population by the incoming Polish and Soviet administrations, and their lands were confiscated. The landowners in Prussia were called as Junkers. was used only sporadically. A petition for official rehabilitation of the ousted landowners was rejected by the German Bundestag in 2008. Free Online MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science with Answers was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. This political class held tremendous power over industrial classes and government alike, especially through the Prussian three-class franchise. The Junkers as a class may have been more ambivalent about German hypernationalism, but the image of an aggressive Prussian militarism had great power. They were very powerful. Learn austro +prussian+war with free interactive flashcards. "[10], Their political influence extended from the German Empire of 1871–1918 through the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933. Frederick William I grab for power brought him into considerable conflict with the Junkers. This site is using cookies under cookie policy. "National Character and the Junkers," in, This page was last edited on 28 February 2021, at 17:32. After the Frankfurt parliament was forced to disband due to the opposition of the Prussian monarchy and military, the responsibility of nation building was taken up by the monarchy and aristocracy under prime minister Otto Von Bismarck. In Prussia, large landowners were known as? Supporting monarchism and military traditions, they were seen as reactionary, anti-democratic, and protectionist by liberals and Socialists, as they had sided with the conservative monarchist forces during the Revolution of 1848. The female equivalent Junkfrau (Jkfr.) This liberal initiative to nation-building was, however, repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia. In 1709, a terrible plague broke out and killed about 10.000 people out of the town’s population of 40.000. SOF Science Olympiad Foundation. was perpetuated through its use by sociologists such as Max Weber and was even adopted by members of the landed class themselves. As more money was profited, they were able to control political offices. Many World War II field marshals were also members of the Junkers, most notably Gerd von Rundstedt, Fedor von Bock and Erich von Manstein. Since the Junker estates were necessarily inherited by the eldest son alone, younger sons, all well educated and with a sense of noble ancestry, turned to the civil and military services, and dominated all higher civil offices, as well as the officer corps. Share 0. Two Junkers are known, superficially, in the United States, the stiff-necked Prussian officer of the war cartoons, and the reactionary aristocrat who turned to Hitler to save his property from Bolshevism. [1] These estates often lay in the countryside outside of major cities or towns. According to Jonathan Steinberg: The Junkers held a virtual monopoly on all agriculture in the part of the German Reich lying east of the River Elbe. [11] A policy known as Osthilfe ("Help for the East") granted Junkers 500,000,000 marks in subsidies to help pay for certain debts and to improve equipment. Author has 1.5K answers and 675.4K answer views The Junkers were the land owners who commonly ran into dispute with the Governments and Monarchy of Prussia. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights. Their political interests were served by the German Conservative Party in the Reichstag and the extraparliamentary Agriculturists' League (Bund der Landwirte). (Iunkeri)) is a noble honorific, derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning "young nobleman" or otherwise "young lord" (derivation of jung and Herr). It was said that "if Prussia ruled Germany, the Junkers ruled Prussia, and through it the Empire itself". The main coat of arms of Prussia, as well as the flag of Prussia, depicted a black eagleon a white background. | EduRev Class 10 Question is disucussed on EduRev Study Group by 109 Class 10 Students. Being the bulwark of the ruling House of Hohenzollern, the Junkers controlled the Prussian Army, leading in political influence and social status, and owning immense estates worked by tenants. Heinrich von Hohenberg. Junkers created a monopoly through storing corn, which drove the prices higher. Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria- collectively defeated the Napoleon in 1815. Unbounded reverence ... Common men and common life were despised and oppressed. The word Junker originated in a contraction of jung and Herr (Jungherr, “young gentleman”) and was ap… These were located especially in the north-eastern half of Germany (i.e. Hohenzollern Brandenburg-Prussia had primarily relied upon Landsknecht mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War, in which Brandenburg was devastated. Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘Plebiscite’. The large landowners in Prussia were called Junkers. As World War II turned against Nazi Germany, several senior Junkers in the Army participated in Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg's assassination attempt of 20 July 1944. Junker is derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning "young nobleman"[4] or otherwise "young lord" (derivation of jung and Herr), and originally was the title of members of the higher edelfrei (immediate) nobility without or before the accolade. A good number of poorer Junkers took up careers as soldiers (Fahnenjunker), mercenaries, and officials (Hofjunker, Kammerjunker) at the court of territorial princes. [9], During World War I, Irish nationalist MP Tom Kettle compared the Anglo-Irish landlord class to the Prussian Junkers, saying, "England goes to fight for liberty in Europe and for junkerdom in Ireland. Conservatives. Their challenge was how to retain their dominance in an emerging modern state with a growing middle and working class. The army of Prussia grew out of the united armed forces created during the reign of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg (1640–1688). extraordinary tenacity of this class have been great enough to survive all at-tacks threatening its existence. Explanation: Junkers was a common word to denote all the landed nobility who owned great estates. Swedish and Imperial forces traversed and occupied the country essentially at will. CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science.Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science SST History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. (b) Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject a proposal. Students can solve NCERT Class 10 Social Science History The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Multiple Choice Questions with Answers to know … They were an important factor in Prussia and, after 1871, in German military, political and diplomatic leadership. ... Revised date sheet for Class 12 - scroll down for datesheet for class 10 Revised datesheet for Class 10. The large landowners in Prussia were called Junkers. These estates often lay in the countryside outside of major cities or towns. Ans.16: Otto von Bismarck. He was removed from power by Kaiser Wilhelm II.[3]. Having been coined during disputes over the domestic policies of the German Empire the expression[which?] URL: Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaften, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=76214, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Junker_(Prussia)&oldid=1009450030, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Anderson, Margaret Lavinia. We have Provided The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 History MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. Junker, (German: “country squire”), member of the landowning aristocracy of Prussia and eastern Germany, which, under the German Empire (1871–1918) and the Weimar Republic (1919–33), exercised substantial political power. Around 1900 they modernized their farming operations to increase productivity. Henry VIII: September 1540, 26-30', Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 16: 1540-1541 (1898), p. 51. Ques.17: Who ruled Sardinia-Piedmont? As part of the nobility, many Junker families only had prepositions such as von or zu before their family names without further ranks. 8. He did this with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. [12] Junkers continued to demand and receive more and more subsidies, which gave them more money in their pockets, thus resulting in political power. The Prussian monarchy was supported by the Junkers. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Meri fo.llowings ki abhi tk morning nhi huyi kuch ko chodke​, प्र. Königsberg, therefore, became the capital of the new province of east Prussia within the Kingdom. [clarification needed] Fifty-eight were executed when the plot failed,[15] among them Erwin von Witzleben and Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, or committed suicide like Henning von Tresckow. Ans.14: The Junkers were the large landowners of Prussia. "The "Coalition of 'Rye and Iron'" under the Pressure of Globalization: A Reinterpretation of Germany's Political Economy before 1914,", Weber, Max. Latest NCERT & CBSE News. [citation needed]. They were an important factor in Prussia and, after 1871, in German military, political and diplomatic leadership. Online Test of Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Test 3 History (Social Science S.St)| Class 10th 1. Habsburg. [citation needed], After German reunification, some Junkers tried to regain their former estates through civil lawsuits, but the German courts have upheld the land reforms and rebuffed claims to full compensation, confirming the legal validity of the terms within the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Agreement) (and incorporated into the Basic Law of the Federal Republic), by which expropriations of land under Soviet occupation were irreversible. Nationalist feelings were strong in the hearts of the landed Class themselves seven years with,. ˈJʊŋkɐ ] ) were members of the arable land in Prussia this answer helpful grew out the... Junker land into farmer 's hand! `` ) years ' War, in Brandenburg. Flag of Prussia, was the architect of the German unification landowners was rejected the. Understand the concept very well Empire the expression [ which? with few rights loyalty and fealty the... 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